Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Implications for Science and Governance | More or Less Precaution? Late Lessons from Early Warnings: Science, Precaution, Innovation 27 More or Less Precaution?
Despite its presence in a growing body of EU and national legislation and case law, the application of the precautionary principle has been strongly opposed by vested interests who perceive short term economic costs from its use. There is also intellectual resistance from scientists who fail to acknowledge that scientific ignorance and uncertainty, are excessively attached to conventional scien...
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(1) The author gratefully acknowledges valuable comments from five reviewers, Keith Beven, Jim Hall, Irina Krasovskaia, Edmund Penning-Rowsell, and Bellie Sivakumar. They helped the author to improve and enrich the chapter. (2) The work on this chapter was carried out within the WATCH (Water and Global Change) Integrated Project of the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. Floods are an inc...
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(1) The authors would like to thank David Gee for helping to prepare the manuscript. 'There was a strange stillness. The birds for example — where had they gone? Many people spoke about them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund: they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices ... only sil...
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The histories of some well-known public and environmental hazards, from the first scientifically based early warnings about potential harm, to the subsequent precautionary and preventive measures, have been reviewed by the European Environment Agency in their report "Late Lessons from Early Warnings: The Precautionary Principle 1896-2000". This paper summarises some of the definitional and othe...
متن کاملWhy did business not react with precaution to early warnings ?
In the past, companies have frequently neglected early warning signals about potential hazards for human health or the environment associated with their products or operations. This chapter reviews and analyses relevant interdisciplinary literature and prominent case studies — in particular those documented in both volumes of Late lessons from early warnings — and identifies main factors respon...
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